Voluntary
- Donation to build mosques and schools
- Helping non-Muslims (those in need of non-Muslim citizens).
[edit]Minimums and amounts
It is not written anywhere in the Qur'an that the faithful must give a specific amount, in fact it goes so far to say that there is no specific amount or rate.[citation needed] However, most Muslims pay 2.5% of their income as is specified in the books of Muhammad al-Bukhari andMuslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
It is an obligation on Muslims to pay 1/40 (2.5%) of the wealth which they have had for a full lunar year, 1/40 (2.5%) of goods used for trade, and 5% or 10% of certain type of harvests depending on irrigation.[8][9] Exempt from Zakat are a person's house and personal transportation.
Zakat is not mandatory on harvest if the total did not reach the minimum limit (nisāb) of about 653 kg (1,440 lb) of crops,[8][9] nor on gold amounts if the owner has less than 85 g (3.0 oz) of gold or less than 595 g (21.0 oz) of silver.[8][9]
The Qur'an specifies that Zakat should be paid upon receipt of income in the passage :
...eat of their fruit in their season, but render the dues that are proper on the day that the harvest is gathered.
Most Muslims calculate and pay their Zakat at the end of the lunar year as said above. In some communities this is frowned upon.
[edit]Schedule of Zakah
| Wealth on which Zakah is payable | Amount which determines the payment of Zakah (Nisab) | Rate of Zakah |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Agricultural produce | 5 Awsuq[9][10] (653 kg (1,440 lb)) per harvest | 5% produce in case of irrigated land; 10% of produce from rain fed land.[11] |
| 2. Gold, silver, ornaments of gold and silver | 85 g (3 oz) of gold or 595 g (21 oz) of silver[8] | 2.5% of value[8] |
| 3. Cash in bank or in hand | Value of 595 g (21 oz) of silver[8] | 2.5% of amount[8] |
| 4. Trading goods | Value of 595 g (21 oz) of silver[8] | 2.5% value of goods[8] |
| 5. Produce of mines | Any quantity[8] | 20% of value of produce[8] |
| 6. Cows & buffaloes | 30 in number[8] | 1 for the first 59, 2 up to 89, 3 up to 150, 1 one-year old for the first 39, 1 two-year old up to 59, 2 one-year old up to 69[8] |
| 7 Goats & sheep | 40 in number[8] | 1 for first 40, 2 for 120; 3 for more than 200, 1 more for every 100[8] |
| 8. Camels | 5 in number[8] |
|
[edit]Who is entitled to receive Zakat
- 1. The poor - Fuqara'
- 2. Needy - Al-Masakin
- 3. Those who collect/distribute Zakat - 'Amileen 'alayha
- 4. Those whose hearts are to be won - Mu'allafatu Qulubihim
- 5. Those enslaved, to free the captives - Ar-Riqaab
- 6. Those in debt - Al Ghaarimeen
- 7. In the path of God - Fi sabil Allah
- 8. Wayfarer - Ibnul-Sabeel
By consensus of the jurists, the recipient can be a Muslim or non-Muslim within most of the categories, although some scholars say non-Muslims may only receive Zakat as payment to get them to help stop hostile public campaigns against Muslims and as per the "4th category" to pay potential converts to Islam.[14][15]
The seventh category, Fi sabil Allah (in the path of God), is interpreted by all narrations of the Sahabah and the Tabi‘un and the majority of the Qur'anic exegetesis to support those who fight in the cause of Islam, the mujahideen,[16][17][18] but has also been applied to fund missionary work, Quranic schools and to serve the community in-general.[19]
[edit]Ineligible recipient
The following recipients are not eligible to receive the obligatory due (Zakat):
- Descendants of the family of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad
- In places where the community is financially capable of maintaining such projects as construction or maintenance of mosques, schools and similar projects (usually in developed countries)
They may use the Sadaqah money, based on what the Shura decides.
[edit]Zakat in Sufism
While Zakat plays a large role in the Muslim religion, "classic Sufi sources portray the Sufi as standing outside the system of Zakat". This is because a traditional Sufi will own no property and therefore they will pay no Zakat.[citation needed] Now this places them in a class with the poor who are allowed to receive the benefits of Zakat, but they are not allowed to receive what others are able to give due to their "greater spiritual wealth".[6][page needed]
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